The effect of oral administration of zeolite on the energy metabolism and reproductive health of Romanian spotted breed in advanced gestation and post partum period.

The dairy cow experiences the most significant impact from negative energy balance during this period, which adversely affects reproductive health. Consequently, most pathologies affect dairy cows during this time frame. Thus, with the primary objective of reducing the incidence of these pathologies on dairy farms, we questioned whether supplemental zeolite administration in cattle feed would affect metabolism and reproductive health. Therefore, we proposed introducing an antepartum and postpartum supplementation of 400 g of zeolite in the basal diet. The control group received only the basal diet without zeolite supplementation. Monitoring the results stemmed from the consideration that reproductive health can only be present based on an unaltered energy metabolism. Hence, we deemed it necessary to analyze several metabolic markers in light of the expected outcomes concerning reproductive health. Cows treated with zeolite exhibited a calving to first service interval 12.78 days earlier than those in the control group. Moreover, the average number of services per conception used for future gestation was 0.44 lower in the zeolite-treated group compared to the control group (p<0.05). Additionally, the treatment group showed a lower presence of pathogens in the uterus and displayed a more favorable average uterine score. Observations following the completion of the research point towards an improvement in the health of transition dairy cows, opening a new path for dairy farms in terms of preventing postpartum pathologies. Indeed, the benefits from this study primarily impact the animals rather than directly influencing milk production. Therefore, further research is necessary in this regard.

Does fetal sex influence the risk of venous thrombosis in pregnancy? A cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism is a prominent cause of maternal death. OBJECTIVE: As inflammation is a well-known risk factor for venous thromboembolism and several studies have found a higher grade of inflammation in pregnancies bearing a male compared with female fetuses, we investigated the risk of pregnancy-related venous thromboembolism associated with sex of the fetus. METHODS: This cohort study linked data from national registries and compared event rates and hazard ratios of venous thrombosis for pregnancies bearing a male fetus with those bearing a female fetus during pregnancy and in the first 3 months postpartum. National data from 1995 to 2017 were used. All Danish women aged 15 to 49 years with a live or stillbirth were eligible for inclusion; 1 370 583 pregnancies were included. Women with venous thrombosis, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, thrombophilia, or cancer before conception were excluded. RESULTS: The event rate for a venous thrombosis was 8.0 per 10.000 pregnancy years with a male fetus compared with 6.8 for a female fetus. The adjusted hazard ratio for venous thrombosis during pregnancies bearing a male was 1.2 (95% CI, 1.1-1.4), whereas in the postpartum period, it was 0.9 (95% CI, 0.7-1.0). The risk was elevated until week 30. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate a slightly greater risk of venous thrombosis during pregnancies bearing a male fetus than during pregnancies bearing a female fetus. There was no increased risk associated with fetal male sex in the postpartum period.

COVID-19: Impact of Original, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron Variants of SARS-CoV-2 in Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Pregnant and Postpartum Women.

This study compares the clinical characteristics and disease progression among vaccinated and unvaccinated pregnant and postpartum women who tested positive for different variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using the Brazilian epidemiological data. Data of pregnant or postpartum patients testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 and presenting with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from February 2020 to July 2022 were extracted from Brazilian national database. The patients were grouped based on vaccination status and viral variant (original, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron variants), and their demographics, clinical characteristics, comorbidities, symptoms, and outcomes were compared retrospectively. Data of 10,003 pregnant and 2361 postpartum women were extracted from the database. For unvaccinated postpartum women, intensive care unit (ICU) admission was more likely; invasive ventilation need was more probable if they tested positive for the original, Gamma, and Omicron variants; and chances of death were higher when infected with the original and Gamma variants than when infected with other variants. Vaccinated patients had reduced adverse outcome probability, including ICU admission, invasive ventilation requirement, and death. Postpartum women showed worse outcomes, particularly when unvaccinated, than pregnant women. Hence, vaccination of pregnant and postpartum women should be given top priority.

Diagnosed corrected transposition of great arteries after cesarean section: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Corrected transposition of the great arteries (cTGA) is a cardiac malformation in which the ventricular and arterial-ventricular positions in the heart are doubly reversed. In general, this defect puts a load on the systemic circulation and causes heart failure, resulting in a poor prognosis. This article reports a case of cTGA detected in a patient with post-caesarean pregnancy who had undergone elective caesarean section and was experiencing an episode of acute heart failure. CASE SUMMARY: This was the case of a 36-year-old gravida 3 para 1 woman. No problems were noted in the puerperal course following the previous pregnancy. The current pregnancy was also uneventful. An elective caesarean section was performed and the patient was discharged from the hospital 7 d after the operation. On postoperative day 18, the patient became aware of breathing difficulty and presented at a nearby clinic, where she was referred to our institution after bilateral pleural effusions were detected. She was then diagnosed with acute heart failure after noting the presence of a prominent pedal oedema and SpO2 91% (supine position and room air); the patient was promptly hospitalised for close examination and treatment. Although chest computed tomography revealed the presence of cTGA, no other cardiac malformations were observed. Owing to improvements in both the pedal oedema and pleural effusions, the patient was discharged on day 9. CONCLUSION: Close examination should be performed on the premise of congenital cardiac malformation when heart failure symptoms are noted during perinatal control.

Percepções de puérperas sobre o cuidado de enfermagem no alojamento conjunto / Las percepciones de las madres acerca de los cuidados de enfermería enalojamiento conjunto / Perceptions of puerperas on nursing care in rooming-in accommodation

Objective: To know the perception of the mothers on the care of nursing professionals in Rooming-in accommodations. Methods: A descriptive exploratory qualitative study in a medium-sized hospital in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul with 15 women in the immediate postpartum period. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee in Research of the University of the Campaign Region under number 62/2013 CAAE. We used the letter “P” to identify postpartum women, followed by the sequential number of the interviews. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews applied to postpartum women in the months from October to November 2013. Data analysis was used to treat the data. Result: The statements gave rise to two categories: care provided by nursing as a whole and accommodation guidelines about self-care and care of the newborn. Conclusion: The perception of the mothers as to the care of the nursing staff was positive, but educational activities proved fragile.

Objetivo: Conhecer a percepção das puérperas sobre o atendimento dos profissionais de Enfermagem no alojamento conjunto. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo exploratório-descritivo, realizado em um hospital de médio porte no interior do Rio Grande do Sul com 15 mulheres no puerpério imediato. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade da Região da Campanha, sob o número do CAAE 62/2013. Utilizou-se a letra “P” para identificar as puérperas, seguidos pelo número sequencial das entrevistas. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada aplicadas às puérperas nos meses de outubro a novembro de 2013. Para tratamento dos dados utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo. Resultado: Os depoimentos deram origem a duas categorias: cuidados prestados pela Enfermagem no alojamento conjunto e orientações a cercado autocuidado e cuidados com o recém-nascido. Conclusão: A percepção das puérperas quanto ao atendimento da equipe de Enfermagem foi positiva, porém as ações educativas mostraram-se frágeis.

Objetivo: Conocer la percepción de las madres sobre el cuidado de los profesionales de enfermería en alojamientos colectivos. Métodos: Un estudio cualitativo exploratorio descriptivo en un hospital de tamaño medio en el interior de Río Grande do Sul, con 15 mujeres en el posparto inmediato. El proyecto fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación de la Universidad de la Región Campaña con el número 62/2013 CAAE. Se utilizó la letra “P” para identificar a las mujeres después del parto, seguido por el número secuencial de las entrevistas. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas aplicadas a madres después del parto en los meses de octubre a noviembre de 2013. Para el tratamiento los datos recogidos se utilizó el análisis de contenido. Resultado: Las declaraciones dieron lugar a dos categorías: atención fornecida por la enfermería en su conjunto y de alojamiento a las directrices sobre el autocuidado y el cuidado del recién nacido. Conclusión: La percepción delas madres en cuanto a la atención del personal de enfermería fue positiva,pero las actividades educativas resultó frágil.

O vínculo mãe-bebê no período de puerpério: uma análise winnicottiana / The mother-baby bond in the puerperium: a winnicottian analysis / El período posparto vínculo madre-bebé: un análisis de winnicottiana

Esta pesquisa objetivou, analisar a partir da perspectiva materna, como o vínculo com o bebê é construído no período de puerpério. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, no qual as informações foram coletadas por meio de entrevistas semi-dirigidas realizadas com seis participantes. Para análise dos dados, as falas das participantes foram colocadas em categorias e analisadas a luz da teoria psicanalítica Winnicottiana. Como resultado constatou-se que existe uma troca mútua em que ambos, mãe e bebê, interagem ativamente. Esse movimento, ora partindo da mãe, ora do bebê, parece expressar tanto uma atitude estimuladora quanto uma resposta aos estímulos recíprocos. Portanto, conclui-se que o vínculo é o componente básico do processo interativo e é também a mola propulsora de todo o afeto.

This research aimed to analyze, from the maternal perspective, how the bond with the baby is built in the puerperium period. This is a qualitative study, in which information was collected through semi-directed interviews with six participants. For the data analysis, the speeches of the participants were placed in categories and analyzed in the light of Winnicottiana psychoanalytic theory. As a result it has been found that there is a mutual exchange in which both mother and baby interact actively. This movement, whether from the mother or the baby, seems to express both a stimulating attitude and a response to reciprocal stimuli. Therefore, it is concluded that the bond is the basic component of the interactive process and is also the driving force behind all affect.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar desde la perspectiva de la madre, ya que el vínculo con el bebé está construido en el período posparto. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, en el que se obtuvo la información a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas con seis participantes. Para el análisis de datos, los testimonios de los participantes fueron colocados en categorías y se analizaron la luz de la teoría psicoanalítica winnicottiana. Como resultado se encontró que hay un intercambio mutuo en el que la madre y el bebé, interactúan activamente. Este movimiento, ahora dejando a la madre, ahora el bebé, parece expresar tanto una actitud estimulante como respuesta al estímulo recíproco. Por lo tanto, se concluye que el enlace es el componente básico del proceso interactivo y es también la fuerza motriz de todo afecto.

A study on postpartum symptoms and their related factors in Korea.

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to identify the physical and mental state of women after delivery, to investigate the factors that influence those, and to examine the effects of postpartum care performance, which is traditionally believed to be appropriate care in Korea, on women's physical and mental status. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 148 women who visited our hospital for postpartum check-up on the 2(nd) week or 6(th) week after delivery were selected. We researched postpartum care methods using a questionnaire and had the women self-evaluate their postpartum symptoms. Depression was evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory. RESULTS: The average points of the 27 postpartum symptoms was 2.70 points (from 1 = very good to 5 = very bad). Seventy-two women had depression. Factors related to postpartum symptoms and depression were smoking before pregnancy, low marital satisfaction, bad mood during and after pregnancy, lack of support from husbands, and bad quality of sleep during puerperium. Treating the joints of hands carefully when milking breasts, and avoiding squatting down, demonstrated a negative correlation with the average points of postpartum symptoms. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that mood during puerperium and Beck Depression Inventory points were significant factors related to the average points of postpartum symptoms and that the degree of support from husbands and mood during pregnancy were statistically related with depression. CONCLUSION: Many women complained of postpartum discomfort. Although, while some postpartum care methods which are traditionally believed to be appropriate care in Korea can be helpful to women's recovery, most of them are not. We confirmed that physical symptoms and depression are closely related to each other.

Conhecimento de puérperas sobre amamentação exclusiva / Mothers' knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding / Conocimiento de las puérperas acerca de la lactancia materna exclusiva

Estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa cujo objetivo foi identificar o conhecimento das puérperas sobre aleitamento materno exclusivo. Participaram do estudo treze puérperas internadas no Alojamento Conjunto de uma instituição pública na região de Caxias do Sul-RS. Para a coleta dos dados utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada. A análise de dados foi realizada através de análise temática, emergindo três categorias: o conhecimento sobre amamentação exclusiva; o processo de amamentação; e as influências das informações recebidas sobre o processo de amamentação. Mesmo recebendo informações de profissionais de saúde no período pré-natal sobre a amamentação, é possível compreender a necessidade de melhorar a comunicação e o acompanhamento das puérperas por estes profissionais, como uma continuidade no cuidado, no período do puerpério imediato, tardio e também no remoto.

This is a descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, aimed to identify the knowledge of puerperal women on exclusive breastfeeding. Data were collected between September-October 2011, through semi-structured interview. Thirteen puerperal women, interned in a rooming unit of a public institution in the city of Caxias do Sul-RS, participated in the study. Data analysis was performed using thematic analysis. From the interpretation of information three categories emerged: the knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding, the breastfeeding process and the influences of received information. Even getting information from health professionals in the prenatal period, it is possible to understand that there is a need to improve communication and monitoring of mothers, as a continuity of professional care in the postpartum period, and also later, in the remote.

Este es un estudio descriptivo de abordaje cualitativo. Tuvo como objetivo identificar el conocimiento de las madres sobre la lactancia materna exclusiva hasta el sexto mes de vida. Participaron en este estudio 13 mujeres internadas en una unidad de pensión de una institución pública en la ciudad de Caxias do Sul-RS. Los datos fueron recogidos entre Septiembre y Octubre de 2011, a través de entrevista semi-estructurada. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante análisis temática. Con la interpretación de la información surgieron tres categorías: el conocimiento sobre la lactancia materna exclusiva, la lactancia materna y la influencia de las informaciones sobre el proceso de lactancia. Mismo recibiendo informaciones de los profesionales de la salud en el período prenatal es posible entender que hay una necesidad de mejorar la comunicación y el seguimiento de las madres, como una continuidad de los cuidados de estos profesionales, en el periodo del puerperio mediato, tardío y lejano.

Combined hormonal contraception and risk of venous thromboembolism within the first year following pregnancy. Danish nationwide historical cohort 1995-2009.

Estimating the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) associated with combined hormonal contraceptives following early terminated pregnancies or birth, a Danish nationwide retrospective cohort observing a one-year follow-up was defined using three unique registries. All Danish women with confirmed pregnancies aged 15-49 during the period of 1995-2009 were included. The main outcomes were relative and absolute risks of first time venous thromboembolism in users as well as non-users of combined hormonal contraceptives. In 985,569 person-years, 598 venous thromboembolisms were recorded. After early terminated pregnancies and births, respectively, 113 and 485 events occurred in 212,552 and 773,017 person-years. After early terminated pregnancies, the crude VTE incidence ratios were similar, and the numbers needed to harm were equal between groups that did or did not use combined hormonal contraceptives throughout the follow-up year. After childbirth, individuals that used combined hormonal contraceptives were more likely than non-users to experience VTE depicted by crude incidence ratios; however, the difference was only significant after 14 weeks. This implied that the numbers needed to harm were lower for those that used compared to those that did not use combined oral contraceptives in the initial 14 weeks postpartum. In conclusion, the use of combined hormonal contraceptives after early terminated pregnancies was not detrimental, but during the puerperal period, they should be used with caution.

Venous thromboembolism in pregnancy and the puerperal period: a study of 1210 events.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe venous thromboembolism (VTE) in pregnancy and the puerperal period, and to validate diagnoses of VTE. DESIGN: Historical cohort study. POPULATION: All pregnancies in Denmark from 1995 to 2009. METHODS: VTE diagnoses were retrieved from national registries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Positive predictive value of a VTE diagnoses diagnosed during pregnancy or the puerperal period. Location of VTE. Incidence rate of confirmed, validated diagnoses of VTE and on all retrieved diagnoses of VTE. RESULTS: In 1 297 037 pregnancies, 1436 women had a first-ever VTE diagnosis. Hospital records were retrieved for 1210 women (84.3%). Almost all women had relevant clinical symptoms and in 796 (65.8%), the diagnosis were confirmed by a positive diagnostic test or by instituted anticoagulation treatment. In all, 72.6, 53.7, 58.5 and 79.1% of the diagnoses were confirmed in the first, second, third trimester and the puerperal period, respectively. The 796 cases of VTE included 624 women with deep venous thrombosis only and 133 with pulmonary embolisms. Deep venous thrombosis was located in the left lower limb in 83.8% in pregnancy, compared with 67.9% in the puerperal period. CONCLUSIONS: The vast majority of women with a registered diagnosis of VTE had relevant symptoms. Diagnoses of VTE were confirmed in the medical records in two of three women. VTE diagnoses were most often confirmed when made in the first trimester and in the puerperal period. Left-sided deep venous thrombosis was the predominant type of VTE in pregnancy and the puerperal period.

Postpartum practices of parturient women in enugu, South East Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Postpartum period is an important and interesting period in the life of the nursing mothers. It is a medically neglected period that receives relatively less attention than pregnancy and delivery. AIM: To describe the postpartum practices of women in Enugu, South East Nigeria. SUBJECT AND METHODS: This was a cross sectional study of women attending the postnatal care clinic at the UNTH, Enugu. Data was abstracted and analyzed with statistical software for social sciences version 12.0. The results were presented by percentages. Binomial logistic regression was used to determine the association between some socio-demographic variables and resumption of coitus. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Out of the 420 mothers, 68.9% (289/420) resumed coitus within 6 weeks of delivery. Only 14.7% (62/420) used contraception before resumption of coitus. There was no significant association when the model was adjusted for age (OR, 1.132, 95% CI (0.691-1.867), P = 0.612.), Parity (OR, 1.273, 95% CI (0.812-1.996), P = 0.292) and education (OR, 0.713, 95% CI (0.433-1.173), P = 0.183). Twenty five percent [25.2% (106/420)] of the women drank various forms of alcoholic beverages to induce lactation while 80.2% (337/420) of the women applied hot compresses on the lower abdomen to aid lochia drainage and involution of the uterus, 75% (315/420) of the women sat in hot water salt (Nacl) solution (sitz bath) in the immediate postpartum to aid lochia drainage, aid perineal wound healing and improve vaginal tone. CONCLUSION: There is need for medical attention and education on beneficial postpartum practices among women in Enugu, South East Nigeria. Thus, to reduce the associated maternal morbidities in the postpartum period.

Hipertensión arterial en el puerperio / Arterial hypertension in the puerperal period

La hipertensión, junto a las hemorragias y las infecciones, es considerada una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad durante el puerperio; presentando un elevado riesgo de muerte entre las primeras 24 horas y la primera semana posparto. La mayoría de las puérperas hipertensas egresan en los primeros días después del parto, debiendo continuar su atención en el nivel primario de salud. Con el objetivo de responder interrogantes que con frecuencia se formula el personal médico que asiste a estas pacientes en la atención primaria, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre el tema. Se expusieron aspectos relacionados con las causas y factores que favorecen la hipertensión arterial en el puerperio; su incidencia, complicaciones, tratamiento y seguridad de algunos fármacos durante la lactancia, con lo cual se espera contribuir a elevar la calidad de la atención médica al binomio madre-recién nacido en este período.

The hypertension together with the haemorrhages and the infections is considered one of the main causes of morbid-mortality during the puerperal period, presenting a high death risk in the period comprehended between the first 24 hours and the first week post-partum. Most of the hypertensive puerperal women leave the hospital in the first days after giving birth, and should continue their attention at the health primary level. With the purpose of answering the questions frequently asked by the medical staff taking care of these patients, we carried out a bibliographic review on the theme, exposing aspects related with the causes and facts favoring the arterial hypertension in the puerperal period, their incidence, complications, treatments and safety of some drugs during the breast-feeding; with all that we hope to contribute rising the quality of the medical care to the binomial mother-new born in this period.